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阅读网络示意图,它的激活是由阅读习得调节的,包括初级视觉区(V1),视觉词形区(VWFA),颞上沟(STS)和颞平面(PT)。这个网络通过弓状束(长、后、前段)高度相连 从进化的观点谈谈长脑筋
科学家们并不满意于发现读书长脑筋这事儿本身。是的,接下来,我们要给这事上点代价!
人类的大脑是个神奇的器官,它神奇而强盛的功能很大部分来自天赋遗传。但是文字诞生也只有几千年,而且在这之后的大部分时间里多数人是文盲,所以人类不大概进化出一个专门的阅读系统。所以,读书长脑筋这件事,充实阐明确后天履历对于大脑功能的影响也非常大。
那么这种后天的影响是怎么实现的呢?
答案就是我们必须采取利用现有的大脑系统来实现这种新用途。比如前面提到的视觉词形区,在文盲群体中对人脸、物体和棋盘图案有强烈反应,这表明在举行视觉文字辨认之前,这个地区专门负责视觉物体和人脸辨认。
但随着文化水平的进步,该地区对这些非文字刺激的反应会明显降落,而对文字的反应加强。比如,坎特龙等人在一项针对四岁儿童的研究中发现,左侧梭状回对字母的激活强,对面貌的反应就小。这表明,阅读习得会让大脑相关地区和已经存在的功能竞争,也就是说,学习阅读的过程会让我们的大脑皮层外貌为阅读“腾出空间”。
不读书,视觉词形区这个功能就开辟不出来。所以,读书长脑筋这事儿,还就真有点原理~下次劝小孩读书,请直接拿出本文,看哪个小孩还欠好悦目书!
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